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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Celebrations

2.  Food

3.  Travelling

4.  Geography

5.  Animal facts

6.  Weather

A. Russia consists of several continental zones. For example, in the north winters are long and harsh, in some places there is lots of snow fall and temperatures fall below −40 degrees Celsius. These winters are normal, not only in the northern regions of the country but evenin the Far East. Summers in these areas don’t even see three warm months out of the year.

B. Choose the incredible New Year tours to cold Lapland, which are the perfect combination of comfort and adventure. They are ideal for those who may be new to husky sledding orwinter holidays. You will enjoy the beauty of Laplandas you drive your own dog sled team through landscapes including huge mountains, mysterious forests, deserted tundra andfrozen lakes.

C. You may not know this, but Finlandhas a very interesting diversity of local dishes. Fish and meat are important ingredients in some areas, and oats, berries, and milk are common in other regions. An iconic Finnish dish visitors should try, especially in the summer, is “grillimakkara”, which are large grilled sausages eaten with mustard. They are delicious.

D. The New Year is one of the most important holidays on the Russian calendar. New Year in Russia is a time for being together with family and friends, for gift giving, decorating theNew Year tree, and watching and setting off fireworks. Midnight is, by tradition, marked bylistening to the Russian Federation President’s greeting and Kremlin bells chime.

E. The Siberian Husky is a beautiful dog with a thick coat that comes in a multitude of coloursand markings. Their blue or multi-coloured eyes add to the appeal of this breed, whichoriginated in Siberia. It is easy to see why many people are enchanted by the Husky, but beaware that this athletic, intelligent dog can be independent and challenging for first-time dog owners.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Celebrations

2.  Food

3.  Travel guide

4.  Geography

5.  Advice

6.  History of fashion

A. As the world’s biggest country, everything about Russia seems larger than life. The country covers more than one eighth of the Earth’s inhabited land area and spans nine time zones  — creating a diverse range of environments, people, and culture. Russia also has the world’s largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and its lakes contain about one quarter ofthe world’s fresh water.

B. Levi is one of the most popular ski resorts in Finland, which provides great facilities for an active holiday in winter. The winter season is the best time to enjoy the frosty sceneriesbecause snow is almost always guaranteed. Don’t also forget the many events that are organized in Levi! The biggest winter event, the Alpine Skiing World Cup, is famous for itsinternational atmosphere.

C. Jeans, invented by Jacob Davis and Levi Strauss in 1873, were working clothes at first. Theywere made from durable materials and could last long. Men’s jeans had the zipper down thefront, while women’s jeans had the zipper onthe left side and both were designed to fit loosely and in form of overalls. Withtime jeans were changing looks but never got out of style.

D. Bread cheese is a typical dessert from Northern Finland. Made out of cow milk, bread cheese has a very unique texture. In the old days, this dish was so appreciated thatit was given as a salary to people working in the fields during the summer harvest. Now this dessert is served with sour berries, and it goes really well with coffee. It is a must try for alldessert fans!

E. In Russia, March is the time for the Maslenitsa Festival. This festival celebrates the end of the cold and the start of warmth,of hope, and of growth. It is considered one of the mosttraditional holidays of the year, so people, especially children, like to wear traditionalcostumes. Usually it is a dress which contains many layers. The most traditional colour isred.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Free time

2.  Food

3.  Advice

4.  Sightseeing

5.  Animal facts

6.  Weather

A. Russian summers are warm, but cities such as Moscow (and even those as far east as Tomsk), can experience intense heat waves that drive residents out of doors, and in somecases, out of town. High humidity makes the summers feel even hotter. Brief showers occur unexpectedly; it’s good to carry a small travel umbrella with you even on the sunniest days.

B. Fish is a major ingredient in the Finnish cuisine. The large amount of lakes and rivers provide interesting opportunities to catch your own delicious dinner and prepare it on openfire. There is one dish Finns particularly love to prepare when spending time in their summercottages: the smoked whitefish. Whitefish can be caught in lakes, rivers and the Baltic Sea.

C. When you’re sightseeing or touring in the summer, be sure to remember to wear sunblock.Getting sunburned early in your trip will make the rest of your visit less pleasant. Don’t forget to protect your ears, the back of your knees, face, and other areas of exposed skin with a good-quality sunscreen that will last throughout the day. Be sure that your clothing is breathable.

D. Russians prefer escaping from the noisy city on the weekends or for a vacation to enjoy their summer cottage, or dacha. Dachas are located on the outskirts of cities and towns. SomeRussians maintain beautiful gardens there, but the intention of the dacha is to provide a place away from the heat and noise of the city where families can relax and commune with nature.

E. Some sharks seem to eat all the time. For example, the Great White Shark is always on thehunt: in a year it eats 11 tons of food! To compare, an average person eats half a ton of foodper year. Most sharks eat a meal every couple of days. If necessary, though, they can go for a few weeks without eating. Like people, sharks can store extra energy as fat, for use laterwhen food is limited.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Animal facts

2.  Geography

3.  Culture

4.  Food

5.  Weather

6.  History

A. Most of Russia has a continental climate, with long, cold winters and brief summers. There is a wide range of summer and winter temperatures. A record low temperature of −71 °C was registered in 1974 at the northeast Siberian village of Oymyakon, which is the lowesttemperature ever recorded anywhere in the world for an inhabited region.

B. We usually don’t think about ice too much, unless there’s none in the freezer and all we have to drink is a warm can of Coke. Before the invention of artificial refrigeration in theearly 1900s, ice was the only way to keep things cool and food from spoiling. While therewere ice-making machines in use in the mid- to late-1800’s, they were mostly for

commercial use.

C. Traditionally, Russian clothing had two main colours  — the natural colour of the material  — white, and red. «Red» is the same word that was used in the old days to call everythingbeautiful. That is, red elements in clothing became beautiful elements. Interaction withnature led to the appearance of very interesting new colours in Russian clothing: yellow,gold, blue and many others.

D. Polar bears live along shores and on sea ice in the icy cold Arctic. When sea ice forms over the ocean in cold weather, many polar bears head out onto the ice to hunt seals. Male polar bears may grow 10 feet tall and weigh over 1400 pounds. Females reach seven feet and weigh more than 650 pounds. In the wild polar bears live up to age 25.

E. Stroganina is a raw frozen fish delicacy from Yakutia, in northern Russia. It is a winter dish, consisting of long, thin slices of frozen Arctic river fish such as whitefishe, white salmon orsturgeon. It is sometimes decorated withwild red berries and greens. Some of the best stroganina is made of freshly caught fish, frozen once. The taste, according to Yakutians, issoft, fresh and frosty.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Weather

2.  Advice

3.  Famous people

4.  Hobbies

5.  Geography

6.  History

A. There are a few reasons why one should go to Russiaduring the winter: it’s easier to get tickets to the top ballets and operas, and there are no crowds at other tourist attractions.Those visiting in winter should take along their warmest clothes: It’s bitterly cold (Moscowis as far north as southern Alaska) and quite dry. We recommend a long warm coat –the best you can afford.

B. Jamie Oliver is a genius in the world of food. He is one of the world’s best-loved television personalities. Jamie has inspired millions of people to spend more time enjoying being in thekitchen  — and even start growing their own food! His programs have now been broadcast in over 50 countries, delivering delicious Jamie Oliver recipes to his fans.

C. London is famous for one of the mildest climates in the UK. However, Londoners are used to carrying both an umbrella and sunglasses to be prepared for any situation! The number ofrainy days there is fairly consistent throughout the year, with between 11 and 15 rainy days every month. Overall rainfall is highest in November and August and is lowest in March andApril.

D. One of the best things about cooking is that there are lots of different things you can do.There are so many different areas you can go into. If you want, you can take up baking and cake decorating. You can try your hand at creating dishes from specific countries; there areso many national cuisines. One thing’s for certain; you won’t get bored quickly.

E. Russians have always eaten vegetables, such as turnips, cabbage, radish, and cucumbers.Since the 18th century, the potato began to play an ever more important role as one of the most loved ingredients in Russian dishes. At the beginning of the 19th century, Russian cooks started serving food with sauces in the manner that French cuisine had long beenfamous for.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Jobs

2.  Food

3.  Transport

4.  Free time

5.  Education

6.  History

A. A full course of study at the Russian school takes 11 years. It aims to develop the abilities that will allow a student to adapt to life in society as well as to choose their futureprofession. Every school teaches academic subjects such as literature, the Russian language, history, maths and sciences. In addition, there are specialized schools concentrating on specific subjects.

B. Many young people all over the world want to be flight attendants. This career path has a huge amount of benefits. For example, flight attendants are able to fly around the world,explore new places and get to meet new cultures. This profession broadens your horizonsand improves your communicating skills. Despite some drawbacks, the advantages outweigheverything.

C. The first recorded use of standardized dress in education was in England in 1222. However, the origin of the modern school uniform can be traced to the 16th century England, when the children attending the Christ’s Hospital boarding school wore blue cloaks along with yellow stockings. In later centuries, school uniforms became associated with the upper class.

D. It is easy to come to Russia. You can fly to Moscow and St. Petersburg from most major international airports. However, if there isn’t a direct flight to other Russian cities from your closest airport, you can usually take a connecting flight. There are a lot of modern andcomfortable airports in Russia. Most airlines serve a nice dinner to make your flightenjoyable.

E. Many airlines offer food to their passengers depending upon the class of travel. Food may beserved on one tray or in multiple courses with no tray. Often the dishes are reflective of the culture of the country the airline is based in. Anairline dinner typically includes meat (most commonly chicken or beef), fish or pasta, a salad or a vegetable, and a dessert.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Fashion

2.  Animal facts

3.  Hobbies

4.  Geography

5.  Food

6.  Famous people

A. The most outstanding figure in the Russian education of the eighteenth century was MikhailLomonosov (1711–1765), the first Russian scientist and scholar of worldwide significance.He was also a poet, philologist, artist, and historian. He initiated numerous scientific,technical, and cultural innovations and devoted great efforts to the development of theRussian Academy of Sciences.

B. Cooking is simply fun. It’s fun to do on your own or as a family. Get your children in thekitchen cooking with you; it’s a wonderful way to bond. Whether you bake a cake, make asimple milkshake, or arrange a fruit salad, remember that you are creating lasting memories,all while adopting healthy eating habits in your family. It’s a perfect activity to pick up!

C. Giant pandas are bears that are native to China, where they are considered a national treasure. The only remaining giant panda habitat is on the mountainous edge of west China, the so-called «home of Giant Pandas». They live in bamboo foreston humid and relatively high mountains. There are over 50 nature reserves in Chinato protect Giant pandas’ living habitat.

D. Throughout the years the airline uniforms have changed a lot. Nowadays there is a variety ofdifferent styles or even traditional suits for stewards and stewardesses. Some of the airlines dress their flight attendants with a really stylish and glamorous outfit  — many famous designers have created models for different airlines. It is important to make uniforms that areattractive.

E. Krasnoyarsk is a large scientific and cultural centre of Eastern Siberia, besides it is thelargest Siberian port on the Yenisei River. The city was founded in 1628 by Russian explorers. The variety and beauty of the Krasnoyarsk Region are striking  — high mountains and deep canyons, the boundless and thick taiga where one can see ermines, polar foxes,deer and bears.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Literature

2.  Historical facts

3.  Outstanding people

4.  Good manners

5.  Souvenirs

6.  Places to stay

A. Lapta, a traditional Russian sports game, is over four centuries old. Balls and bats datingback to the 14th century have been found among the ruins of Novgorod the Great. In the 18th century lapta was an important activity for physically preparing the soldiers of Peter the Great’s army. Later the game became a major pastime. Today lapta is not very popular.

B. Apologies are the way to build good friendships and relationships. When you say «I’msorry» (and really mean it), it’s because you probably feel bad that something you did or said hurt another person. Saying you’re sorry is morethan just words. You’re also saying that you respect the other person and you care about his or her feelings. Apologizing shows youhave empathy.

C. The Russian doll, or matryoshka, to use the Russian name, is one of the most recognizablesymbols of Russia. It as an example of the nation’s ancient traditions of woodworking and decorative handicrafts. There has always been a demand for the matryoshka, both as achildren’s toy and as a gift, and the doll has always been a symbol of the family.

D. Anna Lawrence is a fantastic storyteller and the truth behind the character’s family creates amystery for the reader. The book reflects the social problems of the city where the action takes place. But what really makes the author’s style special is her skill of describing thecharacters; they are real humans in search of their identity and place in the world.

E. The Stolby nature reserve is one of the most popular tourism destinations in Siberia. We recommend booking a nice cottage when you go there. There are separate small cottages for six and eight people, and a hostel. The cottages area is called ‘the village’ and is a bit of a hike from the reserve’s main reception buildings but there is a car service for when you firstarrive with your luggage.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Sport

2.  Literature

3.  Travel industry

4.  Shops

5.  Transport

6.  Hobbies

A. Ecotourism is becoming more and more popular in Russia. The cultural and environmental heritage of the country is so rich and various, that Russiacan be called one of the most promising countries for the development of the ecotourism. The ecological tours give apossibility to discover the country, which could seem familiar. There is a lot to see in each region of Russia.

B. So iconic is this travel bookshop it even gets a mention in Arthur Conan Doyle’s «Hound of the Baskervilles». Opened in 1901, it’s one of the largest specialist travel bookshops in theworld and an essential destination for explorers, backpackers and map fanatics. There arethree floors stacked high with travel writing, guides, maps and gifts and also regular eventsfrom the great and good of exploration and travel writing.

C. Lapta is a traditional Russian game, which is more than 400 years old. Two teams with aminimum of three players each are needed to play the game. A rubber ball (or tennis ball)and bats are used. A traditional lapta bat has a spade-like shape. But today round ones are also used, similar to baseball bats. The field is around 30-40 yards wide and 40–55 yardslong.

D. Set up by Edward Stanford in 1853, the Stanfords flagship bookstore has been situated in a grand old building in London since 1901. The customers can find a great variety of travel guides, maps, gifts and more spread over three floors. Stanfords claims to be the world’slargest specialist travel bookstore. There’s also a cafe located in the store that serves cakes,pastries and hot drinks.

E. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was a Russian Romantic author who is considered to be thegreatest Russian poet. In his poems and plays he created a style of storytelling  — mixing drama, romance, and satire  — associated with Russian style ever since and greatlyinfluencing later Russian writers. Pushkin published his first poem at the age of fifteen.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Places to stay

2.  Culture

3.  Cities to visit

4.  Hobbies

5.  Health

6.  Souvenirs

A. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is on the Kamchatka peninsula in the far east of Russia. Ecotourism in this region is a new trend, with various activities on offer from breathtakingmountain and volcano hikes, sailing and kayaking to fishing and hunting trips. The town isalso a gastronomy destination: Kamchatka crabs and other seafood are known delicacies.

B. Experts recommend that teens get 60 minutes or more of physical activity each day. Exercise benefits every part of the body, including the mind.It makes the body produce endorphins, chemicals that can help a person to feel more peaceful and happy. Exercise canalso help some people sleep better. Moreover, physical activity reduces a person’s risk of developing certain diseases.

C. It’s hard to put together the top gifts to buy in Londonbecause there are just so many great things to shop for, some in unexpected places. Some of the best London gifts are items with the pictures of the sights, such as tea mugs, T-shirts and magnets. You can find nice handmade items in Convent Garden. They will remind you of your trip to London.

D. The Lagoon Ranch resort is on the western bank of the Baikal, in the area called the SmallSea, and offers several types of accommodation: from the most affordable two-person summer houses to double rooms and separate cabins. There are stables and a horse-riding arena, sports grounds, Russian sauna and Baikal tour guide services available.

E. Through fishing you can learn many things that will also help you in other areas of your life.Fishing can really challenge you, and it really helps to build up patience and persistence,skills which you can use in different areas of life. A huge partof fishing is how you handle not catching any fish or even losing a potential catch. This is a big lesson that we all learnwhen fishing.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Nature

2.  Health

3.  Weather

4.  Politics

5.  Architecture

6.  Sightseeing

A. Kuskovo is first mentioned in documents dating from the beginning of the sixteenth century.It was a small boyar estate only about seven kilometers from Moscow. The land was not good for cultivation, and was thus of little economic significance. The estate was however an ideal hunting ground. In 1715 the Kuskovo estate was bought by Count BorisSheremetev.

B. Amazingly, there are an estimated 1,000 spiders for every square meter. There are approximately 25 million tons of spiders in the world and 45,000 different species of them.So they’re the top predator because that’s a lot of spiders eating a lot of food! Humans, by comparison, consume about 400 million tons of meat and fish, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

C. There was snow on the ground recently in 49 of the 50 states! Can anyone guess which statedidn’t have it? It was Florida. Even Hawaii had seven inches of snow atop an inactive volcano called Mauna Kea! Even though this is really rare, it has happened before.Meteorologists say it happened on February 10, 2010. That time it was Hawaii that didn’t have snow.

D. The citizens of France voted for a new leader over the weekend and the winner is… Emmanuel Macron. He’s France’s youngest president ever at just 39 years old. He’s alsonever been elected to any kind of political office before. In fact, he started his own politicalparty, En Marche, about a year ago. He did, however, serve as France’s Economy Minister.

E. Researchers in Michigan secretly observed nearly 3,800 people at restrooms to see if people washed their hands properly. The answer was: NO. 10% didn’t even pretend to wash their hands. 23% washed … but didn’t actually use any soap. The rest used soap but most of themnot for long enough. Only 5% washed their hands with soap for 15 seconds or more.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Weather

2.  Sports

3.  Health

4.  Sightseeing

5.  Safety on transport

6.  Politics

A. The central feature of the Kuskovo estate, the Palace with its splendid forecourt and magnificent formal garden, is the best preserved part of the estate. The forecourt is combination of the designing principles of the old boyar estate and the eighteenth-century country residence. The irregular arrangement of the buildings gives the forecourt apicturesque quality.

B. Seeing a dog sticking its head out the car window enjoying the sights and smells on a sunnyday is super cute, but is it safe? Increasingly, many are saying it’s not. Experts say that in a car with brakes being applied while driving 35 milesper hour, even a small dog can create a force the equivalent of 2,700 poundbaby elephant! Bad for your dog … and could be badfor you too.

C. In an exciting game, Barca was up 5-1 with just moments left  — so close, but they’d need one more for the miracle win. Then, in stoppage time (after regulation time is done and where time lost during the game is made up) … with seconds left, Barca passed it to substituteplayer, Sergi Roberto, who placed a perfectly timed foot on the ball … and scored!

D. In the presidential elections in Francea win for Marine Le Pen would have resulted in a verydifferent vision. Ms. Le Pen had wanted a Frexit, France’s exit from the European Union (similar to Brexit, Britain’s recent exit from European Union membership). During thecampaign, her views were often compared to President Trump’s.

E. The rain overwhelmed rivers and streams causing “flash floods” as the banks couldn’t absorb or contain the water. The force of the rushing waters uprooted homes and cars as it went by, snapped roads and bridges in half, and breached dams meant to contain the water.Many towns can be reached now only by helicopters.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Weather

2.  People

3.  Health

4.  Sports

5.  Sightseeing

6.  Nature

A. The Kuskovo Palace was built on the site of an old manor-house under the direction of the Moscow architect Karl Blank (1728–1793). The Palace was built in 1769-1775 inthe style of early classicism. The Palace is built in wood, the traditional building material used by Russian architects. The lower floor is built in brick.

B. For many days now, there have been historic and devastating floods in the state of Colorado, in and around the city of Boulder. And it’s all because of a huge amount of rain in a shortperiod of time! One area near Denver received as much rain in one day … as it usually does almost all year. That’s an all-time record for that area, according to NBC News.

C. What would you say the top predator in the world is? Lions? Elephants? Whales? People? According to Dr. Martin Nyffeler from the University of Basel in Switzerland, it’s … the spider. If you took every spider in the world and measured howmuch they all ate, it turns out to be an astronomical 400-800 million tons of prey each year.

D. First Lady Michelle Obama unveiled a new design today showing us what healthy eatinglooks like. And it’s simple. Half your meal should be fruits and vegetables. Some other important parts of her meal plan:  —drink water instead of sugary drinks; —avoid oversized portions; —switch to low-fat milk; —compare salt on food packages and go with the onesthat have less.

E. The Chicago Cubs won the World Series for the first time since 1908, ending the longeststretch of time for a team between World Series’ wins  — over a century. The Cubs had been down three games to one in this best of seven series, the Cleveland Indians being just onewin away from winning it all … three games in a row.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Economy

2.  Nature

3.  Sightseeing

4.  Politics

5.  Outer space

6.  Sports

A. The main entrance to the Kuskovo Palace is made in the form of a high six-column portico with the monogram PS incised on the central pediment. Two gently sloping sandstone rampslead from the entrance and end with sphinx figures on their parapets. The Palace wasintended solely for receptions and this accounts for its layout and décor.

B. Legendary soccer team, FC Barcelona, pulled off one of the greatest sports comebacks of all-time in a game against rival Paris St. Germain. The problem for Barcelona was that they lost the first game 4-0. That meant that they’d have to win by 5 goals in the next name … against a tough team, in a game where final scores are often more like 1-0.

C. You probably haven’t given much thought (or even known) about the garbage in space,floating just above Earth. But it’s there. And there’s a lot more of it than you’d think. Space junk is basically stuff left over from satellites and rocket launches, all man-made things. The problem in addition to there being a lot of it is that each piece travels at about 17,500 milesper hour!

D. Spiders eat mostly insects. They’re natural enemies for the most part. Without spiders theinsect population would be out of control. And since insects eat plants and trees we have a lot to thank spiders for. "Spiders thus make an essential contribution to maintaining theecological balance of nature," said Dr. Nyffeler. He’s been studying spiders for 40 years!

E. While many people are focusing on Mr. Macron’s landslide win and characterizing Ms. LePen’s defeat as a big one, others are pointing out that Ms. Le Pen’s party, Front National, did the best it ever has and that there’s growing support for her ideas. Francehas a population of 66 million people and in terms of land is a bit larger than the state of Texas.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Sports

2.  Exhibitions

3.  Sightseeing

4.  Health

5.  War victims

6.  Politics

A. Kuskovo was built between 1740 and 1780. The bulk of the construction was carriedout in the 1750s. The eighteenth-century engravings and drawings give us an idea of thespecial layout of the estate. The axis more than three kilometers long serves to link upthree component parts  — the ground beyond the lake, the formal park, and the landscapepark.

B. Last year a staggering 65 million people had to leave their homes. 23 million of them had toleave their country (are refugees). Half of those  — over 11 million  — are children. It’s the largest amount of people we know of that have had to leave their situation according to the United Nations Refugee Agency. And the children in particular haven’t done anything to bein the situation they are in.

C. The Golden State Warriors are headed to the NBA Championships after an epic comeback inthe best of 7 series against the Oklahoma City Thunder. The Warriors were down threegames to one. They had to win three games in a row under tremendous pressure. But theGolden State Warriors are proving to be no ordinary team.

D. The cold never bothered Harbin, China… in fact they thrive on it, hosting the world’slargest snow and ice festival every year. It’s under way right now. Around 7,000 sculptorsworked tirelessly to build … basically a city, complete with buildings, sculptures, and slides  — all made of ice and snow! There are replicas of the Great Wall of China as well as world-record sized sculptures.

E. Today the U.N. has 193 member countries. All are invited to attend the General Assembly. Each Assembly is given a number. This year it was the sixty-seventh session, or the 67th Assembly since the U.N. was founded in 1945. A secretary-general leads the U.N. Its current leader is Ban Ki-moon. He is a former diplomat from South Korea.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Natural science

2.  Environmental protection

3.  Risky business

4.  Space travel

5.  Sightseeing

6.  Sports

A. The unusual Ostankino Palace was designed by the famous Russian architects F. Camporesi, V. Brenna and I. Starov. The design was implemented by the serf architects A. Mironov and P. Argunov. The construction works lasted from 1792 to 1798. The palace is built completely out of wood; however, its plastered walls seem to be out of stone.

B. While reducing plastic waste is something most consumer wish to do, it is not an easy goalto achieve. That’s because the cheap and durable material is found in almost everyhousehold item. Now, an Indonesian-based startup has come up with a delicious and nutritious solution to help reduce our dependence on this environmental danger.

C. Houston residents finally have something to cheer about  — a World Series victory. The first in many years. Thousands of delighted fans lined up on the city streets on Friday, November 3 for a parade celebrating the Houston Astros who won the baseball championship with a resounding 5-1 score against the Los Angeles Dodgers in the seventh game.

D. In 1974, American stuntman Evel Knievel attempted to cross Idaho’s Snake River Canyonaboard a steam-powered rocket. Unfortunately, a parachute deployed prematurely andcaused the rocket and its occupant to drift to the canyon’s bottom. While Knievel emerged relatively unscathed from the incident, he never got a chance to attempt the stunt again.

E. Facial recognition is a complex task which requires as many as 200 neurons to fire upsimultaneously within milliseconds. Hence the skill has always been believed to be therealm of “intelligent” animals such as humans, monkeys, apes, dogs, and horses. Now,British scientists have found that the simple cud-chewing sheep also possess this skill.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Photography

2.  Adventures

3.  Sightseeing

4.  Sports

5.  Holidays

6.  Children’s activities

A. The Ostankino estate, situated in the northern part of Moscow, is a uniquely well-preserved monument of the 18th century Russian architecture. In the past it was a country estate, while currently it is situated at a 20 minute ride away from the Kremlin. The estate attracts beauty lovers by its austere forms of the classical architecture.

B. For most Americans, the holiday season begins around Thanksgiving. However, for Kathy Rombeiro and her dad, Edmundo, it starts in September, when they begin the laborious process of converting their Novato, California home into a winter wonderland. By the first Sunday of December, the ordinary suburban home is transformed into a magical «Christmas House».

C. Ever since Apple introduced the front-facing camera, or selfie camera in 2010, selfies have become the undisputed king of social media. The never-ending need to share breathtaking self-portraits on popular mobile photo services like Instagram and Snapchat has often proved to be dangerous and, in some cases, even deadly.

D. Kids, whose vivid imaginations know few boundaries, frequently come up with invention ideas that range from life-changing to downright wacky. However, few see them come to life mainly because adults are not convinced of their practicality. That is about to change thanks to Little Inventors, an innovative project that connects aspiring inventors tomanufacturers.

E. When former world number one Andy Murray withdrew from the Australian Open in Melbourne last week, it was not exactly news. A few days earlier he had with drawn from the Brisbane International, having not competed in any tennis tournament since Wimbledon last year. The big news would have been if he had finally pronounced himself fit.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Food

2.  Helping the poor

3.  Politics

4.  Sports

5.  Shopping

6.  Sightseeing

A. In 1749 the Dutch House in Kuskovo was erected in memory of Peter the Great, whom Field Marshal Boris Sheremetev served as companion-in-arms. This house is modeled on typical late seventeenth-century Dutch town house. It is a two-storey brick building. The house was plastered and painted in imitation of brickwork.

B. The U.N. was formally set up, or founded, just after the end of the Second World War in 1945. It replaced the League of Nations. This organization was formed after the end of the First World War (1914–1918). Its main purpose was to stop any future wars from happening. Yet the League was not successful and it failed to prevent the start of the Second World War in 1939.

C. At a restaurant in Madrid, Spain, regular paying customers come for breakfast and lunch. In the evening, the restaurant is reserved exclusively for the homeless. The money that’s made from the meals paid for earlier in the day is used to provide free dinners for homeless people later that night. The restaurant seats 50 people and each night the restaurant feeds 100 homeless people.

D. What an incredible end to the men’s NCAA basketball national championship game last night! It was the Villanova Wildcats (a Philadelphia team) versus the University of North Carolina Tar Heels. Both teams took the lead throughout the game. And the score was 74-71 for Villanova with just a few seconds left. Then it got really interesting.

E. Imagine walking into a grocery store, putting the food items you want into your bag and then just walking out. Done. No checkout lines. No looking for your wallet. Amazon (the online store that started out by selling books) is opening a grocery store just like that in a few months. They made the announcement yesterday. There will only be one store at first  — in Seattle, Washington.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Events

2.  Traditions

3.  Literature

4.  Sightseeing

5.  History

6.  Geography

A. Ulan-Ude is a city with a population of 435 thousand people located about 100 km east of Lake Baikal. It is the capital of the Republic of Buryatia, a major cultural, scientific, industrial centre of Eastern Siberia. Ulan-Ude has a unique historical and cultural heritage. There are more than 200 cultural heritage sites in the city: monuments of architecture and city planning, and monuments of art.

B. The Museum of Wooden Architecture and Peasant Life is one of the most visited museums in Suzdal. Here you can see rare monuments of wooden architecture of Vladimir-Suzdal land. The museum is not large, it has only 17 wooden buildings: churches, a merchant’s house, peasant houses with interiors of the peasant way of life, windmills, granaries, wells.

C. Considered one of the greatest psychologists in world prose, Fyodor Dostoevsky is perhaps best known for his work Crime and Punishment, or subsequent novels such as The Idiot and Demons. Many of his great works offer an unrivalled view of life in Tsarist Russia during the mid-to-late 19th century, shaped by the environment in which he lived and worked.

D. Larmer Tree Festival is a wonderful well-established festival in one of the most gorgeous Victorian Pleasure Gardens in the UK. Everyone is welcome here whether you are 1 or 101. Provision for kids is nothing short of excellent – rhyme times, storytelling, arts and crafts and dance workshops. Music is eclectic, activities are varied fantastic, and there really is something for everyone.

E. Scotland's shipbuilding industry became important in the 19th century, as steam-power began to replace sail power. Scottish inventors and engineers gained a reputation for being experts in marine engineering. Around 1850, the shipyards of Glasgow and Dumbarton were building half the iron steamships built in the United Kingdom. In the 1880s steel began to replace iron.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Travel advice

2.  Events

3.  Art

4.  Nature

5.  Literature

6.  History

A. Kamchatka, a peninsula stretching from north to south for 1,200 km, is located in the northeastern part of Eurasia, in Russia. This is one of the most beautiful regions in the country known mainly for its volcanoes. One of the interesting places can be found at a distance of one-day walk from Pauzhetka village. The water in the local rivers and waterfalls has a unique white colour.

B. The first written records of the ancient Olympic Games date to 776 B.C., when a cook named Koroibos became the first Olympic champion. However, it is generally believed that the Games had been going on for many years by that time. The ancient Olympics were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 during a religious festival honouring Zeus.

C. Alexey Belous, a graphic designer from Tula, created 44 posters for the 2018 World Cup. The posters are dedicated to the cities and stadiums of the championship, as well as to all national teams. On the posters dedicated to the stadiums, the author shows how this sports festival is held in the cities with football stadiums in their centres.

D. Sports World serves as the activity core for youth sports competitions and family activities at the Expo Centre. Located in the Bricker Building, the 2019 Sports World is a fun-filled, two-day festival of sports, talent and fitness designed for families with children of all ages. It will feature more than 20 sports areas with an action-packed schedule of challenging contests and games.

E. There’s such a great variety of things to see and do in Russia, one interesting way to explore this massive country is to add a theme to your visit. For those who are passionate about classic literature, this is a land which has inspired some of the greatest classic authors and their works, providing us with an opportunity to visit locations that undoubtedly inspired their writings. You should try it!

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Places to visit

2.  Sports facilities

3.  Famous people

4.  Health

5.  Geography

6.  History

A. A. Museum of Sochi Sport Honour is the newest museum in the city. The items of its collection show the history of Olympics, the Olympic movement, and Sochi participation in the organization of Olympics. The most important items are Vancouver 2010 Olympic and Paralympics flags, as well as the miniaturized models of Sochi Olympic venues.

B. The Olympic Games, which originated in ancient Greece as many as 3,000 years ago, were revived in the late 19th century and have become the world’s preeminent sporting competition. The first modern Olympics took place in 1896 in Athens, and featured 280 participants from 13 nations. Since 1994, the Summer and Winter Olympic Games have been held separately.

C. Alexei Nemov is one of the most celebrated gymnasts of all time. During his career, he won five world championships, three European championships and twelve Olympic medals. He’s a sought-after public speaker, an ambassador for the sport, and a member of the Laureus Foundation, which seeks to use sports as a tool for social change.

D. The Queen’s Sports Centre has an indoor swimming pool, climbing wall and multi-use sports hall. The sports hall is used for indoor sports including badminton, basketball, cricket and football. A new well equipped spacious fitness gym is used extensively by pupils, staff and external members alike. There is also a wide range of exercises classes to suit all fitness levels.

E. Experts recommend that teens get 60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity each day. Like other muscles, the heart enjoys a good workout. Aerobic exercise gets the heart pumping and gets you breathing harder. When you give your heart and lungs this kind of workout regularly, they get stronger and are better at getting oxygen to all parts of your body.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Literature

2.  Sports

3.  Events

4.  Places to visit

5.  History

6.  Transport

A. Lake Seliger is a famous Russian landmark. Located in the center of Valdai, it is quite far from the noise of civilization and at the same time only seven hours of going by car from Moscow. The ideal geographical location made it a very popular place for tourism. The special atmosphere of Seliger provides leisurely, comfortable rest, long and interesting conversations.

B. The annual show “Scarlet Sails” in St. Petersburg is the main graduation ceremony of Russia, a holiday dedicated to all school graduates. For the first time “Scarlet Sails” was held in Leningrad in 1968. In that year, 25 thousand school graduates gathered for the holiday. In 2018, this celebration turned 50, there were about 80 thousand graduates on the streets and embankments of the city.

C. Sailing needs a good, consistent, constant focus; it demands your attention. The wind and water are dynamic, and understanding any changes that you need to make, especially if you are sailing competitively, is vital to doing well. If you’re racing, you also learn to improve techniques very quickly, whether that’s boat positioning or trimming the sails.

D. Crimson Sails is a classic adventure tale of love and hope in the beauty of one’s dreams. Written by Russia’s Alexander Grin in 1923, this short fantasy novel introduces readers to Soll, a hopeful young girl who has been ostracized in her village. Grin is known for his amazing use of metaphor, and the present translation preserves and highlights this device.

E. Delicate and pure sound of Valdai bells has been pleasant to human hearing more than 500 years already. According to a beautiful legend, Valdai bells first appeared in 1478. In the beginning of the 19th century special bell workshops and plants appeared. In spite of the fact that they cost much money the value of Valdai bells was in their high quality and beautiful sound.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  History

2.  Geography

3.  Healthy life

4.  Customs

5.  Eating out

6.  Technology

A. Taganay is a national park located in the Southern Urals, in the western part of the Chelyabinsk region, 130 km from Chelyabinsk. The territorial centre of the park is the city of Zlatoust. The total area of the park is 568 sq. km. The Meteorological Station “TaganayGora” is the most remote shelter of the national park located on a picturesque mountain plateau.

B. Valdai bells were first made in the 17th century. In 1656 state craftsman Alexander Grigoriev cast the first road bell. Since then, they say, bells have been cast in Valdai. In the first place, these bells were necessary on Moscow  — St. Petersburg high road, Russia's busiest road. Production centre was set up in Valdai which is situated halway between the two cities.

C. New Rosphere robot is the “eyes” of the farmer. It can move in gardens and vegetable gardens, controlling them. This robot, moving along garden beds, collects information about the state of plants and land, ripeness of fruit and a variety of other factors that may affect the crop. Farmers have only to monitor the relevant information using a computer and take certain measures when necessary.

D. When you attend a restaurant or visit a house of a local resident in Bali, make sure you do not sit with your legs crossed. This position is considered a sign of secrecy, mistrust and disrespect. In general, the people of Bali are very cordial and friendly. They are happy to help tourists to get to the local places of interest and will actively support a conversation on any subject.

E. Young people are recommended to eat two portions of fish a week, one of which should be oily. Tinned fish, such as salmon, is good for heart. Meat is a good source of protein, vitamin B12 and iron. Processed meats and chicken products should be limited as they tend to be high in fat and salt and lower in iron. From the age of 11, everyone should try to eat no more than 6 grams of salt a day.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Active holidays

2.  Health

3.  What to eat

4.  Weather forecast

5.  Education

6.  Climate

A. Only a few dishes of Russian cuisine have received international recognition, but you can find both hearty and delicate food in Moscow which equally serves the needs of comfort and gourmet dining. When temperatures can drop to −30 °C during Moscow’s winter, it’s no surprise that Russian food is typically hearty, with potatoes, bread, pastry and sour cream featuring as common ingredients.

B. The Belukha Mountain is the highest peak in the Altai Mountains and Siberia and to climb up to the top, you will need the mountaineering equipment and proper training. On reaching the top you will see the finest of natural beauty and if you are lucky, you might find the rare snow leopards. If you are not into trekking and mountaineering, you can just relax and chill at the Lake Teletskoye.

C. On this course you will explore the science behind climate change, looking back across 4 billion years of Earth’s history to help you learn the difference between ‘natural’ from ‘human’ change; looking to the present to see how the impacts of climate change are already being felt; and finally looking to the future to see what it might hold for our planet.

D. With good food habits and daily physical activity you will be well on your way to a long life. Unfortunately, our busy lifestyles can be hard on us. Rushing to and from school and work can make it hard to find time to be physically active. We can also slip into the habit of choosing fast food or spending our free time in front of the TV or computer. However, these choices can be dangerous for us.

E. It is going to snow heavily in Moscow today. The visibility is going to be around 14 km and an atmospheric pressure of 1017 mb. The daytime temperature is going to reach −10 °C and the temperature is going to dip to −19 °c at night. We expect around 12.5 mm of precipitation to fall and cloud covering 100% of the sky, the humidity will be around 92%.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Holidays

2.  Animal facts

3.  Geography

4.  Famous people

5.  Education

6.  Literature

A. Dombay is a resort village located at an altitude of about 1,600 meters above sea level in the intermountain basin at the northern foothill of the Main Caucasian Range in the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia. The word “dombay” in translation from Karachai means “bison”. In the past, the local forests were inhabited by herds of bison.

B. The novel “Fathers and Sons” enraged the old and the young, reactionaries, romantics, and radicals alike when it was first published. At the same time, Turgenev won the approval of Flaubert, Maupassant, and Henry James for his craftsmanship as a writer and his psychological insight. “Fathers and Sons” is now considered one of the greatest novels of the nineteenth century.

C. Jane Austen went from being a moderately successful anonymous novelist in her own time to a global celebrity in ours. On this course you will explore how that happened, exploring Austen’s own literary influences, and her reputation over time. You will learn about her origins in Hampshire, uncovering her formative years, and the society she lived in.

D. New Year’s Eve is a big celebration for millions of people all over the world. But it is a particularly big deal in Scotland where it is called Hogmanay. Festivities take place all over Scotland and last for three days, beginning at the end of December and ending on 2 January. Scottish people have two days of holiday following the celebrations, unlike the rest of the UK.

E. Grey wolf takes its name from the colour of its coat, the grey wolf is the largest of its kind, and the only wolf native to North America, Asia and Europe. A smart and social animal, they hunt in packs generally consisting of mates and their adult offspring. Literally a top dog, they can hunt well and kill animals far bigger than themselves – the only animals that pose a threat to them are humans and tigers.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Clothes

2.  Customs

3.  Food to taste

4.  Famous people

5.  Education

6.  History

A. The “Bread and Salt” tradition appeared in Russia long time ago. In one of the written sources we can read that the “Bread and Salt” is presented during celebratory events. Bread in Russia symbolizes abundance and wealth. Since ancient times salt has been valued a lot in Russia, and people believed that salt offered protection from evil forces.

B. One of Russia’s most popular desserts, this super sweet honey cake is on the menu of most restaurants and cafés across the country. Invented in the Imperial Palace’s kitchen in the 19th century, Medovik was presumably the favourite cake of Empress Elizabeth, the wife of Emperor Alexander I. If you try it, you’ll understand why the Empress loved this dessert so much.

C. Learn about food molecules and how chemical reactions can affect food texture and flavour on the course by Harvard University. During each module, chefs reveal the secrets behind some of their most famous culinary creations in their own restaurants. The Harvard team will then explain the science behind the recipe. You will learn to think like both a cook and a scientist.

D. The traditional chef's uniform includes a white hat, a white double-breasted jacket, pants in a black-and-white pattern, and an apron. A chef's hat that dates back to the 16th century can be of various sizes. Different heights may indicate rank within a kitchen, and they are designed to prevent hair from falling into the food when cooking. Most serious chefs wear white coats to signify the importance of their profession.

E. Jamie Oliver is a chef from the United Kingdom. As a child he worked in his parents' restaurant, thus influencing his career path. At age 16, he attended Westminster Catering College and then gained valuable experience working at reputable restaurants. He gained fame after hosting a hit cooking show on TV. He is also known for championing healthier eating for school children in the U.S. and U.K.

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1.  Politics

2.  History

3.  Education

4.  Geography

5.  Culture

6.  Economy

A. Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. It includes ten provinces and three territories from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres. It is the world’s second largest country by the total area. It borders with the USA. Ottawa is the capital city. Other big cities are Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver.

B. In about 1000 BCE, the Scandinavians sailed to the lands which are the present-day Canada. Further European exploration of Canadian lands took place in 1497, when the Italian sailor John Cabot explored and claimed Canada’s Atlantic coast in the name of King Henry VII of England. In 1534, the French explorer Jacques Cartier explored the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and claimed it French.

C. Now Canada is a rich country and a member of G8. It is highly globalized and belongs to the top trading nations of the world. Canada’s import is equal to its export but Canada is a net exporter of energy. Canada used to be an agricultural state but now manufacturing, mining, and service sectors are highly developed. The main industries are forestry and petroleum.

D. Canada ranks first worldwide in the number of adults with a university degree. The Canadian government invests much in schools, colleges and universities. Students can study in both French and English. Children must go to school starting from the age 5−7 and up to the age of 16−18. A special research shows that Canadian children are especially good at mathematics, sciences, and reading.

E. Canadian literature is often divided into French and English language literatures, which are based on the literary traditions of France and Britain. Some of Canadian literature is viewed as top books. Canadian visual art is also quite popular. The most famous painter is Tom Thomson, the landscape artist. The main source of inspiration for Canadian art is certainly its beautiful nature.

Уста­но­ви­те со­от­вет­ствие между тек­ста­ми A−E и руб­ри­ка­ми 1−6. За­не­си­те свои от­ве­ты в таб­ли­цу. Ис­поль­зуй­те каж­дую цифру толь­ко один раз. В за­да­нии одна руб­ри­ка лиш­няя.

1.  Holiday destinations

2.  Languages

3.  Education

4.  Sport

5.  What to eat

6.  Health tips

A. Stroganoff is a Russian dish that is served on dinner tables worldwide, eating stroganoff from its Russian source is everything you would expect- tastier, smoother and creamier than you’ve ever had at home. The credit goes in part to Russian sour cream, but Russia is also home to some of the best and widest variation of mushrooms. You'll definitely want to try this dish again.

B. If you are preparing to study at a university where the first language is English, this course aims to help you understand what is expected, develop skills to help you learn independently, and build your confidence. You will have the opportunity to review the key vocabulary and concepts used in a university setting, and discover what tutors expect from students.

C. A biathlon competition consists of a race in which contestants ski through a cross-country trail system whose total distance is divided into either two or four shooting rounds, half in prone position, the other half standing. Depending on the shooting performance, extra distance or lime is added to the contestant's total skiing distance/time. The contestant with the shortest total time wins.

D. A great way to relax and chill is to rent a cottage at Lake Teletskoye in the Altai Mountains. These cottages are available for rent and you can have some really delicious food while you are staying near the lake. A visit to Altai Reserve gives you the opportunity to explore wildlife in Russia animals and plants. So, if you are a nature lover, there is no other place than this reserve.

E. Regular exercise and good eating habits are crucial to your physical condition and well-being. Teens should get 60 minutes of physical activity each day. Exercise can include aerobics, flexibility exercises and strength training. It is important to find an activity or multiple activities you enjoy. Sports like weight lifting, aerobics class, swimming, walking or running will do you a lot of good.

Уста­но­ви­те со­от­вет­ствие между тек­ста­ми и руб­ри­ка­ми, вы­брав руб­ри­ку из вы­па­да­ю­ще­го спис­ка. Ис­поль­зуй­те каж­дую руб­ри­ку толь­ко один раз. В за­да­нии одна руб­ри­ка лиш­няя.

Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Geography

2.  Wildlife

3.  History

4.  Tourism

5.  Politics

6.  Weather

A.The year 1492 marked for Spain the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. It was a voyage funded by Queen Isabella. Columbus’s first voyage crossed the Atlantic and reached the Caribbean Islands, beginning the European exploration and the Spanish conquest of the Americas, although Columbus was sure that he had reached India and found a way to the Orient.

B. With the total area of 505.992 square km Spain is the world's 52^nd largest country in the world and Europe’s 4th largest country. Spain is a transcontinental country having territory in both Europe and Africa. In the west. Spain is bordered by Portugal; in the south, it is bordered by Gibraltar (a British overseas territory) and Morocco. Tenerife is the highest mountain peak in Spain.

C. In Spain we can see three main climatic zones. The Mediterranean climate is characterized by hot and dry summers, and it is dominant in the peninsula. The semi-arid dry climate can be found in the southeastern quarter of the country. The oceanic climate is in the northern quarter of the country. There w inter and summer temperatures are influenced by the ocean.

D. The Spanish fauna is very diverse because of the geographical position of the Iberian peninsula between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean and between Africa and Eurasia. The vegetation of Spain is varied too because of several factors including the diversity of the relief and the climate. Spain includes different phytogcographic regions, each with its own floristic characteristics.

E. In 2017, Spain was the second most visited country in the world, recording 82 million tourists. Spain’s geographic location, popular coastlines, diverse landscapes, history and culture together with excellent infrastructure has made the country’s international tourist industry one of the largest in the world. Travel brings about 5% of the total income to the country.

Уста­но­ви­те со­от­вет­ствие между тек­ста­ми и руб­ри­ка­ми, вы­брав руб­ри­ку из вы­па­да­ю­ще­го спис­ка. Ис­поль­зуй­те каж­дую руб­ри­ку толь­ко один раз. В за­да­нии одна руб­ри­ка лиш­няя.

Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Geography

2.  History

3.  Ecology

4.  Politics

5.  Tourism

6.  Weather

A. In the 14^th and 15^th centuries, northern-central Italy was divided into a number of fighting city-states. Officially many of these states belonged to foreign rules, but in fact they were quite independent. The strongest among these city-states gradually got the territories around them. It gave a start to the regional states often led by merchant families which founded some famous local dynasties.

B. Italy is located in Southern Europe. To the north, Italy borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. To the south, it consists of the Italian Peninsula and the two Mediterranean islands of Sicily and Sardinia which are the largest islands of the Mediterranean. Italy includes some other small islands as well. The total area is 301.203 square kilometres.

C. After its quick industrial growth, Italy took a long time to cope with its environmental problems. Now national parks cover about 5% of the country. In the last decade, Italy has become one of the world's leading producers of renewable energy and solar energy. However, air pollution remains a severe problem, especially in the industrialized north.

D. Because of its location, Italy has very different climatic conditions. In most of the inland northern and central regions, the climate ranges from subtropical to oceanic. However, the climate of the Po valley geographical region is mostly continental, with very cold winters and hot summers. Conditions on the coastal areas of the country can be very different from its valleys, especially in winters.

E. Italy is the fifth most visited country in the world. More than 52 million people visit it each year. It brings about 10% of the income to the country and creates about 5% of the total employment. This proves that travel is an important part of the country’s economy. Italy is well known for its cultural and environmental tourist routes and is home to 54 UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Ecology

2.  History

3.  Cooking

4.  Agriculture

5.  Economy

6.  Geography

A. Coffee drinking was first mentioned in the 15^th century. Scientists believe it was at that time when people started making coffee the way we make it now. It was probably in Yemen where people started roasting and brewing coffee beans but there are other theories as well. In the 16lh century coffee was brought to Turkey and it was exported to Western Europe from there.

B. There are several ways of growing coffee. The traditional method is to place 20 seeds in each hole at the beginning of the rainy season. This method loses about 50% of the seeds because half of them fail to grow into coffee plants. A more effective process of growing coffee, used in Brazil, is to raise coffee plants in special greenhouses and then plant them outside at six to twelve months.

C. Scientists think that shade-growm coffee is better for the environment than full-sun systems because the shade is needed by a lot of living organisms like birds and insects. Still, there are a lot of environmental problems connected with growing coffee. One of them is the amount of water necessary for it because coffee is mainly grown in the countries where there’s water shortage.

D. Coffee export can bring a lot of money for the country which does it. In 2016, world production of green coffee beans was 9.2 million tons, led by Brazil. This country alone produces 33% of the total amount of coffee. Vietnam, Colombia and Indonesia were other major producers. These countries greatly depend on coffee export in their economic systems.

E. Once made, coffee may be drunk in a variety of ways. You may make strong or weak coffee. Coffee with milk is called white coffee whereas if you don’t add milk to your coffee, you drink it black. Some people like to have their coffee hot, but others prefer cold coffee. You may also make flavoured coffee. In coffee houses you may get a cappuccino, a latte or an espresso.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  City attractions

2.  Travel advice

3.  Weather forecast

4.  Souvenirs

5.  Protecting animals

6.  History

A. Today it is turning out to be overcast in Samara. The visibility is going to be around 17 km and the atmospheric pressure of 1034 mb. The daytime temperature is going to reach −16 °С and the temperature is going to dip to −19 °С at night. It will be dry with no precipitation and cloud covering 75% of the sky, the humidity will be around 93%.

B. To get the most vivid impressions and memories of Prague, it is necessary to take into account the climate of the region. Winter is usually warm with little precipitation, and summer is moderately hot. In Prague the weather is never bad, and its climate is good for holidays at any time of the year. The most suitable time is the end of spring, the first and last months of summer and autumn.

C. Old Town Square is an important and famous part of the Old Town of Prague. The most amazing sight is the unique Astronomical Orloj Clock on the Town Hall, having two dials. The first shows the usual time, but the second periodically provides a variet of information  — both about the movement of the planets and about the agricultural seasons.

D. Amur tigers, Amur leopards, Kamchatka brown bears and Blakiston's fish owls are the focus of Wildlife Conservation Society Russia's research and conservation projects today. These landscape species require vast territories of functioning ecosystems to survive. Therefore, efforts to save them promote preservation of many other species that inhabit the wild ecosystems of Northeast Asia.

E. Local tribes of Kamchatka did not know about the ordinary black tea and used local plants and berries before the arrival of immigrants from Russia. Therefore, during excursions to ethnic camps, tourists are surely treated with delicious Kamchatka herbal tea. You can buy this herbal tea as a nice present from your trip for your relatives and friends.

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Вы­па­да­ю­щий спи­сок:

1.  Listening

2.  A life stage

3.  History

4.  An invented language

5.  A famous scientist

6.  Technology

A. The need to learn foreign languages is as old as human history itself. People needed to know foreign languages to develop international trade and relationships. For many centuries, Latin was the main language of education, commerce, religion, and government in much of Europe, but it was replaced later by French, Italian, German and now English.

B. Audio recordings and books give you an opportunity to hear the speech of native speakers. Some recordings have pauses for the learner to speak. Others are continuous so the learner speaks along with the recorded voice, similar to learning a song. Audio recordings for self-study use many methods. You will need to listen to recordings using tapes, CDs, DVDs and websites.

C. If you want to learn a foreign language, computers and the World Wide Web can help you. You may download dozens of various applications which will help you to practice your pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. Hundreds of websites provide various services for successful language education. Some sites are even designed specifically for learning languages.

D. Early childhood is the fastest and most critical period for one to master language in their life. Children's language communication is transformed from non-verbal communication to verbal communication from ages of one to five. Their mastery of language takes place naturally by living in a verbal communication environment. Thus children's language ability is easy to develop.

E. Esperanto is the most widely used international auxiliary language. It was invented in 1887 by L. Zamenhof. It was created to get rid of language barriers in international contacts. Esperanto is an artificial language created on the basis of Indo-European languages. It is very convenient in its speech and writing and easy to learn. It has 28 letters and simple phonetic rules.